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A READERS' AND WRITERS' WORKSHOP |
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By Ellen Grill; Literacy Consultant and Elementary Literacy Coach, New York. |
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GRADES
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Second-Fifth (can be adapted for use in most grades 2-12) |
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LEARNING GOALS
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- To understand and be able to identify the genre of the Fairy Tale in literature.
- To identify the elements of fairy tales.
- To use this particular genre to create original stories.
- To learn how culture influences writing
- To learn to question and explore interests. See, "I-Search Reports" an inquiry based student centered research and writing process: http://webpages.charter.net/cybrary/I-Search.html
- To work cooperatively to produce a project that teaches others.
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LESSON PREVIEW
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The purpose of this unit is to acquaint students with the genre of the Fairy Tale as part of literature. Students will compare and contrast fairy tales from different cultures and ultimately discuss the Cinderella fairy tale as a model illustration of how different cultural and social settings can influence the author of a tale. Additionally, through writing, students will grow to appreciate the complexities of creativity. Finally, after listening to the Rodgers and Hammerstein's Cinderella, students will analyze and compare the musical version with the fairy tale version (see "Deeper-Thinking Questions). |
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WEB RESOURCES
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TIME ALLOWANCE
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Approximately 2 months during Readers' and Writers' Workshop (This should be adapted for your children and for your grade level. You can do the parts that are appropriate) |
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
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Publication:
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NATIONAL BOARD FOR PROFESSIONAL TEACHING STANDARDS
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Standard VI: Engage Learning Within and Across the Disciplines
Standard VII: Multiple Paths to Knowledge
Standard VIII: Assessment
Standard IX: Family Involvement
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INTERDISCIPLINARY AREAS
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English Language Arts
Fine and Performing Arts
Social Studies
Technology Fine and Performing Arts
International Languages
Mathematics
Science
Social Studies
Technology |
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PREPARING THE STUDENTS
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- Discuss what the children know about different fairy tales and chart answers. (SAMPLE CHART)
- For several days, select different fairy tales to read aloud.
- Make fairy tales available for independent reading. Try not to use Cinderella at this time.
Continue to add to the chart that the students developed.
- Special beginning and/or ending words - Once upon a time...and they lived happily ever after.
- Royalty and/or a castle usually present
- Magic happens
- Things often happen in "threes" or "sevens"
- Happy Ending
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THE LESSON PLAN
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- Discuss the fairy tales read in class making sure the characteristics on the charts are present. (We call this our "Fairy Tale Test")
- Fill in first 2 rows with 2 of the fairy tales read during preparation (SAMPLE CHART)
- Read a traditional version of the fairy tale Cinderella.
- Fill in 3rd row of chart. (SAMPLE CHART)
- After reading these
- Teach a mini lesson to show students how to write a "fractured" fairy tale using events and characters from one of the fairy tales.
- Mini-lessons are short five to ten minute focused lessons. In this case they would be about: how authors write books; specific strategies students can use to create meaning: and how to think critically about books. The teacher may read a book or a part of a book that illustrates the topic of the mini-lesson and encourage students to consider that topic as they read that day. Mini-lessons may be given to whole group, small group, or individual students.
- Fractured fairy tales alter an original fairy tale by adding an unexpected twist or contemporary spin.
- Invite the children to try writing a "fractured" fairy tale during writers' workshop (Use 4th row of chart for prewriting) (SAMPLE CHART)
- Have independent work time
- Class Share
- Read aloud: The Stinky Cheese Man and Other Fairly Stupid Tales, by Jon Scieszka and Lane Smith Cinderella's Rat, by Susan Meddaugh.
- Teach a mini lesson and show how to write a short story from another character's point of view, as in Cinderella's Rat.
- Invite the children to try it during writers' workshop
- Have independent Work Time
- Class Share
- Continue these activities during Writers' Workshop until published pieces are completed
(Writing Rubric is constructed by class http://school.discovery.com/schrockguide/assess.html - A categorized, annotated list of over 2500 sites to help educators, teachers, and parents enhance instruction and support the curriculum.)
Note: Mini lessons come from the needs of the students and are divided into craft lessons, structure lessons, editing lessons, language etc.
- Read aloud the version of Cinderella (SYNOPSIS) provided by City Opera and discuss.
- Fill in the fifth row of the chart (SAMPLE CHART)
- Readers' Workshop: http://www.mcps.k12.md.us/curriculum/english/rdr_wkshop.htm-Present versions of the Fairytale from around the world. (These are not read-alouds).
- The children select the version they would like to read and form a Literature Circle of from 2-6 children.
- Post a large World Map and the names of each group member are written in the country the version is from. The jobs for children in the Literature Circles have come from the attribute chart and are modeled and practiced during my read alouds
- The children continue reading and discussing their version of Cinderella with their Literacy Circle.
- Once they finish reading the group will fill in sixth row of the chart. (SAMPLE CHART)
- Readers' and Writer's Workshop Periods
- Discuss a list of possible projects during a mini lesson. Possible projects:
- Readers Theater (why this portion of the story was selected)
- Character Puppets that describe themselves
- Diorama (Setting)...
- Dear "Abby" letters
- Construct a rubric for the products
- Each group decides on the product they will be working on (they are free to come up with their own ideas and I have to approve it.) The groups work together on a project that will teach the other children about the version they read. They have one week to produce their product.
- A date is chosen and invitations are sent home (designed and written by the groups)
- The projects are presented during "Globe Trotting Day". Parents are invited to bring in dishes representative of cultures around the world.
- What Have We Discovered? (Conclusions) This follows the day after the presentation of products.
- Groups grade themselves and write their reactions to this project
Writers' Workshop:
Writing Workshop was first developed by Graves (1983) and structured the teaching of writing into five categories: (1) brainstorming, (2) drafting, (3) revising, (4) editing, and (5) publishing. Graves defined six key points inherent to the curriculum: (1) organize the classroom for writing by conducting group meetings; (2) inundate children with literature; (3) take the time to write while the children write in order to set the tone for a positive writing atmosphere; (4) conduct conferences with children at various stages of the writing process to empower the learner with skills to revise for meaning and edit for mechanics; (5) keep the mechanics of writing (usage, punctuation, and handwriting) separate from the construction of the content of writing; and (6) observe, assess, and record how your students develop as writers, through journaling and creation of record-keeping portfolios (collections of students' works). Graves (1983) derived these six parts to clarify the enacting of the process-oriented writing curriculum in his Writing Workshop curriculum model
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EXTENDING THE LESSON
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- What do you want to know more about? (I-Search Report)
http://webpages.charter.net/cybrary/I-Search.html http://www.mygamelist.com/i_search_reports.htm
- Mini lesson-writing a question.
- Independent work time Each child will pose a question (the question cannot be answered with a yes or no answer)
- Share questions and ideas
- This theme can be integrated into the math activities also.
- Students can be divided into groups and given a variety of enlarged paper pumpkins (various sizes).
- Each group estimates their pumpkin's measurements. The students then use a metric tape or rulers to find the exact measurements. They can use metric measures and standard rulers.
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EVALUATING THE LESSON
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- Conferencing with individual students
- Writers' Workshop
- Readers' Workshop
- Use rubrics to evaluate writing "Published Pieces"
- Conferencing with groups
- "Listen in" taking notes
- Use class rubrics to evaluate final projects
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DEEPER-THINKING QUESTIONS
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- Does where you live effect your artistic work?
- How is a composer like an author?
- How does music help paint a picture in the audiences mind?
- What could you compare the lyrics of a song to? Why? How?
- What could you compare the music of a song to? Why? How?
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CURRICULUM TIE-INS
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English Language Arts
Fine and Performing Arts
Mathematics
Science
Social Studies
Technology |
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VOCABULARY
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Attribute: A quality or characteristic inherent in or ascribed to someone or something
Character: The combination of qualities or features that distinguishes one person, group, or thing from another
Composer: n. One that writes, especially a person who writes music.
Connection: An association or relationship; a link
Culture: Socially transmitted behavior patterns, arts, beliefs, institutions, and all other products of human work and thought. These patterns, traits, and products considered as the expression of a particular period, class, community, or population
Fairy tale: A fanciful tale of legendary deeds and creatures, usually intended for children.
A fictitious, highly fanciful story or explanation
Folk tale: A story or legend forming part of an oral tradition.
Plot: The pattern of events or main story in a narrative or drama.
Rubric: An authoritative rule or direction for evaluation
Theme: An implicit or recurrent idea; a motif; Music The principal melodic phrase in a composition
Traditional : A mode of thought or behavior followed by a people continuously from generation to generation; a custom or usage; Of, relating to, or in accord with past tradition
Turning Point: The point at which a very significant change occurs; a decisive moment
Version: A description or account from one point of view, especially as opposed to another; A translation from another language; A particular form or variation of an earlier or original type; An adaptation of a work of art or literature into another medium or style. |
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